Windows Update prompts for installing an update that has already been installed on the user machine.

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Causes:--

Normally windows update center will download available updates and have them installed and maintain a record for the same so that the same update is not repeated again, however if there is some issue with the Windows Update Center itself, it would either fail to download the updates or would fail to maintain a record of the installed updates.

Generally on a user’s computer, the Windows Update center is being disabled. Due to lack of permissions to download files from the internet, it’s the SCCM Windows Update service that executes and installs these updates on the machines and if for any reason a user’s computer is having any issue with corrupted files or any other, these updates status may not be reaching to SCCM Compliance and as a result shows up as a required update in the machine. Even if the update is installed, the SCCM Compliance wouldn’t have a record for its installation which is why it would constantly popup and repeat the same update as a required update yet to be installed.

Due to corrupted or wrong registry entries.

The corrupted component based servicing (CBS) manifest.

Missing system files, broken system files etc.


 Resolution:--

With Windows System File Checker command.

The command is sfc /scannow.
It will inspect all of the important Windows files on your computer, including Windows DLL files. If System File Checker finds an issue with any of these protected files, it will replace it.
How to Use sfc /scannow
Open Command Prompt as an administrator, often referred to as an "elevated" Command Prompt.

Important: For the sfc /scannow command to work properly, it must be executed from an elevated Command Prompt window in Windows 8, Windows 7 and Windows Vista. This is not required in previous versions of Windows.

Once Command Prompt is open, type the following command "sfc /scannow" and press Enter.

System File Checker will now verify the integrity of every protected operating system file on the computer.
Note: System File Checker may or may not prompt to restart but even if it doesn't, machine should be restarted anyway.
 
Repeat whatever process caused the original problem to see if sfc /scannow corrected the issue.

Manual cleanup process to reset ‘things’.

1)      Stop the Windows update service:
         a. Start menu--> Type Services.msc in the Start Search.
         b. Open the page and look for Windows Update services
         c. right click on it and select stop.

2)      Go to C:\Windows\ and delete the Software Distribution folder.
         Note: Here C drive is the one that you have logged into.

3)      Go back to Services.msc and Start the Windows Update.

4)      Download the updates getting failed from the Microsoft site and save it on the desktop.

5)      Once downloaded Run it as Administrator.

      6)      Once installed, restart the machine.

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